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È notte e le strade deserte della città di Monaco sono illuminate dalle grosse insegne a neon sulle facciate degli edifici. Un’auto solitaria ha appena accostato e dallo sportello del passeggero sta uscendo un uomo, visibilmente indispettito, seguito subito da una donna vestita con un abito meraviglioso. I due discutono, lui parla di amore, nomina un marito, lei invece di errori, senso di colpa e paura. La donna ha i fari dell’auto puntati dritti sul volto, come se si trovasse seduta al tavolo di una stanza per interrogatori: ha tradito suo marito con quell’uomo senza nome, è pentita ma non potrebbe mai immaginare in quale trappola sta per cadere. Cala il silenzio sui due, un attimo dopo la donna rientra da sola in auto e sfreccia via nella notte.
Ultimo film di Roberto Rossellini insieme all’attrice e compagna Ingrid Bergman, La Paura è tratto dall’omonimo racconto di Stefan Zweig, ma a differenza di quest’ultimo si svolge in una Monaco di Baviera che a poco a poco sta cercando di risollevarsi dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale. Zweig aveva scritto il suo racconto nel 1910, tuttavia Rossellini decide di spostare la narrazione in avanti agli anni Cinquanta con l’obiettivo di interrogarsi sul difficile passato della Germania, ma anche su quel rapporto con Ingrid Bergman che ormai stava andando in frantumi. La Paura, dietro la trama da thriller psicologico, nasconde la struggente confessione di un uomo il cui matrimonio ha raggiunto la fine, una lettera per immagini in cui Rossellini tenta di esorcizzare un immenso senso di colpa e che si conclude con una domanda devastante: e se avessimo avuto il coraggio di perdonarci?
Costruire la tensione
I protagonisti de La Paura sono i coniugi Irene e Alberto, quest’ultimo impiegato come ricercatore in un laboratorio farmaceutico. Fin dalle primissime sequenze, sappiamo che Irene ha una relazione clandestina con un altro uomo, ma non vuole portarla avanti a causa del senso di colpa che sta iniziando a divorarla. Alberto, però, ha saputo del tradimento della moglie e, da bravo scienziato, decide di architettare un esperimento tanto interessante quanto spaventoso. L’uomo ingaggia un’attrice per ricattare Irene, sperando così di spingerla a confessare il tradimento, convinto che solo attraverso la confessione spontanea delle proprie colpe si possa ottenere il perdono. Questo esperimento, tuttavia, si spinge troppo oltre e la tremenda pressione psicologica spingerà Irene a tentare il suicidio, proprio nel laboratorio in cui lavora Alberto. Per fortuna la donna verrà fermata appena in tempo dal marito e il film si chiuderà con una suggestiva inquadratura dei coniugi abbracciati, che confessano le proprie colpe e chiedono perdono, sia l’uno all’altra sia allo spettatore stesso.
Oltre il periodo di svolgimento della vicenda, c’è un’altra differenza importante tra Die Angst e La Paura: nel primo caso, il lettore scopre che Alberto è responsabile dei ricatti a Irene soltanto alla fine del racconto, mentre nel caso del film lo spettatore viene a conoscenza del piano dell’uomo già nella prima metà della narrazione. Rossellini concede al pubblico di essere a conoscenza di tutta la verità, e il suo scopo non è soltanto quello di creare una certa tensione ma anche di innescare una riflessione ulteriore: Irene, nonostante sia colpevole di aver tradito suo marito, è diventata a sua volta una vittima, intrappolata in un inganno di cui è responsabile il marito stesso.
L’autobiografia
Nel realizzare La Paura, Rossellini arricchisce il racconto di Zweig di una importante dimensione autobiografica, costruendo un senso di angoscia e di disagio che si rispecchia nella realtà. Sebbene a un primo sguardo possa non essere evidente, il film è un’opera profondamente intima per il suo autore, dove la forza di riconoscere i propri errori e chiedere perdono riveste un ruolo fondamentale.
Durante la lavorazione al film la coppia Rossellini-Bergman stava affrontando non pochi problemi: lui continuava ad avere un rapporto burrascoso con la critica e i produttori, mentre lei suscitava in loro un interesse sempre crescente, soprattutto oltreoceano. Sapendo questi retroscena, risulta particolarmente forte la sequenza in cui Alberto richiama Irene perché la donna non vuole smettere di lavorare nonostante la guerra sia finita. Irene, infatti, non vuole lasciare il lavoro e tornare a casa come tante altre donne del suo stesso ceto sociale, anche perché era stata proprio lei a mantenere l’azienda farmaceutica in funzione mentre Alberto si trovava in guerra. Si crea qui un vero paradosso: l’uomo è consapevole dell’importanza della compagna nel proprio lavoro, ma questa stessa importanza lo spaventa poiché significa maggiore libertà e indipendenza per la donna. E forse Rossellini provava la stessa paura, consapevole del ruolo fondamentale svolto da Bergman nel suo cinema, ma anche terrorizzato dalla sua ambizione, dalla sua voglia di continuare a lavorare anche all’estero. E frustrante convivere con la consapevolezza di essere ricordati come “il compagno di Ingrid” e non come “il regista Roberto Rossellini”.
Guardare La Paura significa affacciarsi sulle problematiche di una coppia che si sta sgretolando, i cui componenti si sono allontanati troppo per potersi riavvicinare. In questo senso, il finale colpisce forte al cuore, con l’abbraccio tra Irene e Alberto sullo schermo, come rappresentazione del triste desiderio di Rossellini che tra lui e Ingrid non fosse tutto perduto. Ma ormai era troppo tardi per ricucire quello strappo.
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