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Cinquant’anni fa moriva Anna Magnani, una delle attrici più importanti per la storia del cinema italiano, divenuta un simbolo non solo per la settima arte ma anche per il popolo italiano di quegli anni che ha saputo rappresentare. Qui ripercorriamo la sua vita e i titoli che vale di più la pena conoscere.
Gli esordi e il teatro
Anna Magnani nacque a Roma nel 1908 e ricevette il cognome della madre, una ragazza nubile che emigrò in Egitto subito dopo la nascita della figlia, affidandola alla nonna e alle zie. In seguito l’attrice racconterà che il dolore per l’assenza della madre non smise mai di influenzare la sua vita e, in particolare, il desiderio di realizzazione personale che la avvicinò al mondo dello spettacolo. Dal 1929 entrò a far parte della compagnia diretta da Dario Niccodemi e quasi tutta la prima parte della sua carriera fu dedicata al teatro, fatta eccezione per una parte minore nel film La cieca di Sorrento di Nunzio Malasomma (1934). Durante questo periodo lavorò anche con i fratelli De Rege, comici ed esponenti dell’avanspettacolo, per poi affermarsi come attrice drammatica in particolare con Anna Christie di E. O’Neill, nel 1939, andato in scena al Teatro delle Arti di Roma.
La Magnani si faceva notare soprattutto per l’intensità delle sue interpretazioni e la presenza scenica. Tuttavia l’innegabile talento, che le venne riconosciuto sempre più spesso da questo punto in poi, era considerato anche poco versatile: non era ritenuta adatta per il cinema dell’epoca, che aveva dei canoni molto rigidi sia per quanto riguarda la caratterizzazione sia, soprattutto, per l’estetica dei personaggi femminili. Lavorò per alcuni anni con Totò in spettacoli di grande successo, tra i quali ricordiamo Quando meno te l’aspetti (1940), Che ti sei messo in testa? (1944) e Con un palmo di naso (1944). Fu anche nel cast di Campo de’ Fiori (Mario Bonnard, 1943) insieme ad Aldo Fabrizi.
Il successo e l’Italia del dopoguerra
Il primo ruolo importante nel cinema era stato quello di Loretta Prima in Teresa Venerdì, nel 1941, diretta da Vittorio de Sica. Nel 1945 interpretò Pina in Roma città aperta di Roberto Rossellini, vincitore della Palma d’oro a Cannes, che la avviò definitivamente al successo internazionale. Nel 1951 interpretò Maddalena Cecconi in Bellissima di Luchino Visconti.
Roma città aperta (Roberto Rossellini, 1945)
Considerata una delle pellicole più rappresentative del neorealismo italiano, Roma città aperta racconta i mesi dell’occupazione tedesca di Roma attraverso le vite di alcuni cittadini e militanti antifascisti. La Magnani interpreta Pina, una vedova in procinto di risposarsi con un militante, Francesco. Nonostante la trama segua più di una vicenda, la scena più ricordata di questo film è proprio quella, tragica, di Pina che insegue il camion su cui i tedeschi hanno caricato Francesco.
La rosa tatuata (The rose tattoo, Daniel Mann, 1955)
Nel 1955 per La rosa tatuata (The Rose Tattoo) di Daniel Mann vinse il premio Oscar come migliore attrice protagonista: è la prima interprete non madrelingua inglese premiata nella storia degli Academy Awards, nonché la prima italiana.
Il film racconta la vita drammatica di Serafina Delle Rose, una sarta siciliana che scopre la doppia vita del marito defunto, che in vita era stato coinvolto in traffici di droga. La fama della Magnani negli anni Cinquanta era tale che il drammaturgo Tennessee Williams aveva scritto questo personaggio apposta per lei, ma l’attrice non aveva voluto partecipare allo spettacolo originale poiché si sarebbe trattato di recitare in inglese, a Broadway.
Gli ultimi anni
Nel 1960 le venne offerto il ruolo di Cesira ne La Ciociara ma rifiutò, spiegando di non sentirsi adatta a quel personaggio, che fu poi affidato a Sophia Loren. L’ultimo di quelli che sono ricordati come i suoi film principali fu Mamma Roma (1962) di Pasolini, presentato quell’anno a Venezia. Qui Anna interpreta la protagonista, una ex prostituta che cerca di nascondere al figlio la sua vecchia vita. Dopodiché, l’attrice si spostò in Francia per alcuni anni, e tornò in Italia solo nel 1971 per recitare in alcuni film per la televisione diretti da Alfredo Giannetti. Con lo stesso regista lavorò anche, insieme a Mastroianni e Massimo Ranieri, per Correva l’anno di grazia 1870. L’ultima apparizione al cinema fu un brevissimo e celebre cameo in Roma di Federico Fellini, nel 1972.
Alla sua morte, avvenuta a Roma nel 1973, Eduardo De Filippo la salutò dedicandole questa poesia:
“ Confusi con la pioggia sul selciato, sono caduti gli occhi che vedevano gli occhi di Nannarella che seguivano le camminate lente sfiduciate, ogni passo perduto della povera gente. Tutti i selciati di Roma hanno strillato. Le pietre del mondo li hanno uditi “.
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